Hormones

DHEA, or dehydroepiandrosterone, is a chemical naturally occurring in the body that is frequently suggested as a supplement for female fertility patients. DHEA is important for producing androgen hormones, specifically testosterone, which is critical for female fertility. There is evidence supporting DHEA supplementation may improve egg quality and/or production due to its role in follicular development.

Menopause is a natural process all women will eventually go through as they reach middle age. During menopause, the ovaries stop releasing eggs, menstrual periods become less frequent and eventually cease, and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone decrease. While menopause marks the end of fertility, there is still a chance to become pregnant during menopause - either naturally or through fertility treatments.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that is often associated with having a negative impact on a woman's ability to conceive. This syndrome is characterized by a range of symptoms, from unwanted hair growth to challenges when trying to conceive, and can be difficult to diagnose and treat.

Reproductive immunology is a subspecialty of reproductive medicine that aims to help individuals or couples using assisted reproductive technology (ART) achieve successful pregnancy outcomes. The components of understanding reproductive immunology include how the immune system affects human reproduction, what a reproductive immunologist does, and why a woman may choose to consult with a reproductive immunologist.

Thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, both of which have to do with thyroid function. Hyperthyroidism, also called overactive thyroid, is when the body produces too much thyroid hormone. Typically, there are changes in weight as well as an increased heartbeat with this thyroid disease, though some people also experience problems with fertility and issues during pregnancy. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include medication or thyroid surgery.

Because hypothyroidism can play a role in infertility, a woman going through in vitro fertilization (IVF) should be aware of the symptoms of hypothyroidism and possible treatments.